Violence Against Children — GBV

Introduction

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) refers to harmful acts directed at an individual or group based on their gender. It encompasses a wide range of violations, including physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. GBV is not limited to physical assault — it includes practices such as dowry-related deaths, honour killings, female infanticide, trafficking, domestic and intimate partner violence, sexual and emotional abuse, online harassment, and child abuse, among others.

Root causes: Unequal power relations, harmful gender norms, poverty, silence, and impunity.

Impacts: Trauma, insecurity, poor academic performance, and reduced self-esteem.

Legal protection

• Children’s Act (2005): Protects children from abuse, exploitation, and harmful practices.
• Sexual Offences Act (2013): Criminalizes sexual violence, harassment, and exploitation.
• Women’s Act (2010) and Amendment (2015): Prohibit FGM and child marriage.
• Trafficking in Persons Act (2007): Addresses human trafficking in terms of exploitation.
• Tourism Offences Act (2003): Addresses the serious problem of sex tourism, especially those involving children.
• UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC): Recognizes the right to protection, dignity, and participation.
• CEDAW: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.

Seeking help and support

Children can seek help in different safe and confidential ways if they or someone they know experiences abuse, exploitation, or any form of violence. Asking for help is a right, and adults have a duty to respond.

• Trusted adults: Talk to teachers, school counsellors, mothers’ club members, or head teachers if you feel unsafe or need guidance.
• School-based support: Schools should have counselling desks, peer-support clubs, or designated focal teachers who can listen confidentially and help connect children to further support.
• Community-level support: Approach community child protection committees, social welfare officers, or the nearest health centre for counselling or reporting cases.
• 199 – National Child Helpline (24/7): Offers immediate advice and connects callers to child protection services.
• 1313 – GBV Helpline: Provides confidential support for survivors of gender-based violence and links them with trained social workers.